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Mazut is heavy, low-grade fuel oil, primarily used in industrial boilers and other direct source heating applications and generating plants. It is also used as a principal fuel in marine applications in large diesel engines. Given its high boiling point consistency, it typically requires heating before it can be moved through pipes or dispensed into a boiler or other heating vessel to be burned.
In the United States and Western Europe, Mazut is blended or broken down with the end product being diesel. Mazut may be used for heating houses in CIS (former USSR countries) and in countries in the Far East such as China that do not have the facilities to blend or break it down into more traditional petro-chemicals.
Mazut is the least expensive of the refined oil fuels and can only be used by facilities that have preheating capabilities. It is typically high in sulphur and other impurities that are released into the air when the fuel is burned.
The use of Mazut releases sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere, a key component of acid rain. The sulphur contained in heavy fuel oil also forms sulphate particles that contribute to the formation of fine particulate matter.
Heavy fuel oil consists largely of residues from crude oils refining. These residues are blended with suitable gas oil fractions in order to achieve the viscosity required for convenient handling. Since the sulphur contained in the crude oil is concentrated in the residue material heavy fuel oils may contain large quantities of heavy metals such as nickel and vanadium and also sediments and water.
Mazut M-100 is a fuel oil that is manufactured according to the Russian GOST norm 10585-75 and Russian GOST norm 10585-99. The 75-product (70% of total export) can be processed to Diesel.
